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Report 1 Path Number Charge code Date Rec/rep Owner Ref Animal ID Species Canine Breed Lhasa Apso Age 9Y Sex F Previous ref Sample Site: Eyelid and eye DESCRIPTION Number of sections examined - 1. The
eyelid mass involves the junction between haired and non-haired skin, and
consists of a dermal accumulation of groups of round to polygonal cells.
There is an ulcerated surface and focal junctional
activity. A proportion of cells have moderately pigmented cytoplasm. There is
moderate pleomorphism and a high mitotic rate (2-3
mitoses per high power field). The tumour has a margin of excision in the
plane of section. A circumferential section of the eye is examined, and
reveals a shrunken and distorted globe. Within the eye there is fibroplasia and atrophy of the iris, ciliary
body, and choroid, with loss of any recognisable
retinal structure. Fibroplasia with melanophages (pigmentary
incontinence) and focal dystrophic mineralisation
extends into the vitreous space. The cornea is fibrosed,
hyalinised and thickened, with pigmented tissue
adherent to, and continuous with, the endothelium. The sclera is intact in
the sections examined, however there is an area of
fibrosis and pigmentary incontinence perpendicular
to the scleral coat within thickened choroid noted focally. DIAGNOSIS Melanoma (melanosarcoma)
of the mucocutaneous eyelid margin Incidental phthisis of the globe with
associated atrophy of uveal structures, loss of
retina, and extensive fibrosis. Focal changes are suggestive of possible
ocular rupture or penetration, however this cannot
be confirmed in this end stage eye. PROGNOSIS Cautious. COMMENTS Fifteen to 30% of melanocytic
skin tumours in dogs are histologically malignant
according to different surveys. Approximately 35% of these histologically malignant tumours are cured surgically,
however in 65% of cases there is recurrence, sometimes inoperable, or
metastasis to lymph nodes or lungs. Behaviour is poorly correlated with
histological appearance, making outcome difficult to predict, as even histologically benign melanomas may still be
behaviourally malignant. Although mucocutaneous
tumours in general tend to be malignant, those on eyelids, particularly where
they are in haired skin, are usually benign. Unfortunately this tumour is one
of the rare malignant ones at this site. Monitoring is recommended. Karen A Dunn BVSc
(Hons) MRCVS Thank you for using our service. We invoice monthly. Our
charge code is on the top right of this report. Report 2 Path Number Charge code Date Rec/rep Owner Ref Animal ID Species Canine Breed Cross Age 9Y Sex FN Previous report Sample Site: Mammary gland DESCRIPTION Number of sections examined - 2 pieces.
The tumour is multilobular and secretory.
The epithelium forms tubules, papillary proliferations and solid masses with multifocal areas of squamous metaplasia and central keratinisation. There is moderate
cellular atypia and a variable mitotic rate. Neoplastic cells are spreading through the ductal system and focally invading the surrounding
inflammatory and fibrous reaction but no emboli were seen in lymphatics. Excision margins are not present in the plane
of section. The lymph node has multiple primary follicles, an expanded paracortex and focal plasma cell proliferation but no
evidence of metastasis in the section examined. DIAGNOSIS Simple adenocarcinoma
(squamous cell carcinoma type), with focal early
invasion. Lymphoid hyperplasia. PROGNOSIS Prognostic indicators for canine mammary
tumours are invasion, histopathological pattern, lymph node involvement (staging), size and hormone
receptors. Invasion is the most important. This tumour is invasive and a
histological type which has a poor prognosis. Metastasis to regional lymph
nodes and lungs is possible. COMMENTS Many tumours with squamous
differentiation are locally invasive and metastasis in one series (Misdorp) was 60% with median survival time after surgery
of 15 months. Multiple tumours are common. In one
lifetime study, 60% female dogs had more than one mammary tumour and in a
shorter study, approximately 25% dogs developed more tumours following
excision of one. Growth is usually multifocal not
seeding. Dr Catherine L Ross DVM MSc MRCVS Thank you for using our
service. We invoice monthly. Our charge code is on the top right of this
report. Report 3 Path Number Charge code Date Rec/rep Owner Ref Animal ID Species Canine Breed JRT Age 5Y Sex FN Previous ref Sample/site Medial to left pinna and right shoulder DESCRIPTION Number of sections examined - 2. SPECIMEN
1 is the larger sample. The hypodermal mass is interlacing and storiform pattern cellular connective tissue with
elongated cells and ovoid nuclei. The cells are moderately pleomorphic with a high mitotic rate. The partly
circumscribed mass has a surgical excision margin in the plane of section.
SPECIMEN 2: In the dermis is a keratin-filled cyst lined by stratified squamous epithelial cells. The lesion is complete in the
plane of section. DIAGNOSIS SPECIMEN 1: Sarcoma, probable fibrosarcoma. SPECIMEN 2: Follicular (epidermoid) cyst. PROGNOSIS SPECIMEN 1: Various trials have slightly
differing results but "surgically apparent excision" is the most
important in prognosis. It is suggested that 75% of those with a
"surgical" margin and a low mitotic rate do not recur locally.
Metastasis is supposed to be rare but Yager and Wilcock state "there is no good data for dogs".
Most recurrence is within a year. SPECIMEN 2: Cysts are benign but may be
multiple. COMMENTS SPECIMEN 1 is compatible with a fibrosarcoma, but without marker studies, origin is not
entirely certain. Spindle cell tumour of canine soft tissue (Schwannoma, "neurofibroma",
"haemangiopericytoma" in the new WHO
Classification) is a less likely differential. Yager
and Wilcock call this type (which is aggressive) fibrosarcoma and the others spindle cell tumour of soft
tissue (i.e. largely based on mitotic rate rather than cytology). Fibrosarcomas comprise variable percentages depending on
pathologist criteria for inclusion. Where approximately 7% of tumours are
diagnosed as spindle cell tumours, there are only about 1.5% of fibrosarcomas. Thomas J Vicek
DVM PhD Dip ACVP MRCVS Thank you for using our service. We invoice monthly. Our
charge code is on the top right of this report. Report 4 Path Number Charge code Date Rec/rep Owner Ref Animal ID Species Canine Breed Irish Wolfhound Age 4Y Sex F Previous ref Sample / site Bridge of nose DESCRIPTION: 3 x skin biopsies, summary of features: There is mild acanthosis
with focal spongiosis and exocytosis
of mainly mononuclear cells. There is a moderate mixed (Histiocytes,
lymphocytes and neutrophils represented) superficial
and deep perivascular to diffuse dermatitis and a
marked perifolliculitis; the same mixed infiltrate
extends into the underlying adipose tissue. There is mild inflammation of
some sweat glands. Apart from mild focal mural folliculitis
the hair follicles appear largely normal. No mites or dermatophytes
seen in the sections. There is no evidence of neoplasia
in the sections examined. MORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS: Superficial and deep perivascular
and diffuse dermatitis, perifolliculitis and panniculitis. AETIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS: This cannot be ascertained from the histological
features. COMMENTS: The skin changes are of a chronic
'stereotypic' perivascular dermatitis reaction
pattern which is shared by many common skin diseases. It can be seen in
parasitic, bacterial, fungal or allergic dermatitis. This is a non-diagnostic
pattern and unfortunately the bulk of inflammatory skin diseases in the dog
and cat fall into this category. Further investigations are required to rule
in or out these potential causes. The causesof panniculitis cannot be identified but in general terms panniculitis can be caused by: 1. microorganisms
(bacteria, fungi) 2. foreign bodies 3. trauma 4. immune-mediated vascular disease 5. pancreatitis 6. Arthropod bites (e.g. ticks) Overall the cause of nodules in this case cannot be determined however fresh tissue samples should be submitted for microbiology in an attempt to rule out an infectious agent. I cannot find evidence of an eosinophilic folliculitis and furunculosis which is a differential diagnosis for the clinical signs you describe. Dr David Shearer BVetMed CertSAD PhD CBiol MIBiol MRCVS Thank you for using our
service. We invoice monthly. Our charge code is on the top right of this
report.
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